منابع مشابه
Hedging Endowment Assurance Products under Interest Rate and Mortality Risk
This paper analyzes how model misspecification associated with both interest rate and mortality risk influences hedging decisions of insurance companies. For this purpose, diverse risk management strategies which are risk–minimizing when model risk is ignored come into consideration. The effectiveness of these strategies is investigated by looking at the distribution of the resulting hedging er...
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Endowment under Islamic law is a permanent type of contract which cannot be revoked and it is a consensus among Shiite jurisprudents. It is a kind of contract which has been based upon a religious thoughts as well as provides great heavenly reward and includes social and economic effects. These are special characters which lead Endowment to be a more concrete contract with special imperative ru...
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The basal ganglia are widely believed to be involved in the learned selection of actions. Building on this idea, reinforcement learning (RL) theories of optimal control have had some success in explaining the responses of their key dopaminergic afferents. While these model-free RL theories offer a compelling account of a range of neurophysiological and behavioural data, they offer only an incom...
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Altruism is a type of non-use value which can have different definitions depending on the type of goods entering the utility function of the altruistic person and her expectations about the contributions of others. The purpose of this paper is to measure the trade-offs between different types of altruistic values originating from social and environmental policies. The environmental policies are...
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As is understood by the Safavid documents, surely endowment has been of its most flourishing periods in that time. Safavid King have been counted as the forerunners for great endowments and, following them, many of regional rulers, men of the Court and charitable people throughout country endowed considerable parts of their properties. With regard to the extensiveness and dispersion of the stud...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Journal of the Institute of Actuaries and Assurance Magazine
سال: 1882
ISSN: 2046-1674
DOI: 10.1017/s2046167400048618